Model Analysis of Balanced Diet Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Pekanbaru Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterised by insulin resistance, which is frequently influenced by lifestyle factors, including a poor diet and a lack of physical activity. Adherence to a balanced diet is imperative for the management of diabetes; yet, a significant proportion of sufferers do not adhere to the recommended diet. Aim: The present study aims to analyse the behavioural model of balanced diet adherence in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Pekanbaru, using the theory of planned behaviour as a methodological framework. Method: This study uses quantitative methods with descriptive and explanatory research designs. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 356 respondents selected by purposive sampling from 21 health centres in Pekanbaru. The variables studied included attitude, social support, perception, individual intention, and balanced diet adherence. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares. Result: The behavioural model of balanced diet adherence showed that attitude had a significant effect on intention (path coefficient = 0.467), and social support had a significant effect on intention (path coefficient = 0.564) and diet adherence (path coefficient = 0.736). Perception influenced intention (path coefficient = 0.277) but did not directly affect dietary adherence. Intention acted as the main mediator in the relationship between psychological and social factors and dietary adherence. Discussion: This study concluded that attitude, social support, and perception significantly influence dietary intention and adherence in people with diabetes. Policy recommendations include developing a theory of planned behaviour-based interventions to strengthen positive attitudes and increase social support from family and health workers. Interventions that consider local psychological, social, and cultural factors will be more effective in improving dietary adherence in people with diabetes.