A Comprehensive Review of Edge Computing: A Perspective of IoT

The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has created unprecedented demands on network bandwidth, data processing, and latency-sensitive applications. Traditional cloud-centric architectures are increasingly inadequate for supporting the real-time requirements and scalability challenges posed by IoT ecosystems. Edge computing has emerged as a transformative paradigm, enabling computation and storage resources to be placed closer to data sources and end-users. This comprehensive review explores the evolution of edge computing, focusing on its integration with IoT from architectural, operational, and application perspectives. Key enabling technologies, design architectures, and deployment models are analyzed, highlighting their roles in enhancing performance, security, and privacy. The review also discusses prominent use cases across industries, summarizes major challenges—such as interoperability, resource management, and standardization—and outlines future research directions. Ultimately, this paper provides an in-depth perspective on how edge computing is shaping the future of IoT-driven smart environments.