Prevalent Bacterial Diseases in Fishes and Treatment

A field-based observational survey on prevalent bacterial diseases affecting fish in cultural ponds and ornamental aquariums was carried out in the Ranchi district of Jharkhand. Ranchi is recognized for its substantial fish production through both cultural ponds and the ornamental fish trade. The state has experienced an overall increase in fish production, particularly in aquaculture, with a remarkable rise from 14,000 metric tonnes annually in 2000 to 3.11 lakh metric tonnes in the year of 2023-24. Like humans and other animals, fish are vulnerable to a variety of diseases and parasites. The defences that fish utilize against these health threats can be classified into specific and nonspecific mechanisms. Non-specific defences include the skin and scales, as well as the mucus layer secreted by the epidermis, which functions to trap microorganisms and prevent their growth. If pathogens breach these protective barriers, fish may trigger inflammatory responses that increase blood flow to the affected areas and mobilize white blood cells to eliminate the pathogens