Development of Interpolymer Complexes for Soil Structure and Water Retention: A Scientific and Technological Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

This study aimed to develop interpolymer complexes (IPCs) from urea-formaldehyde oligomers and sodium carboxymethylcellulose to enhance soil structure and moisture retention. The IPCs were synthesized via polycondensation and analyzed using spectroscopic, microscopic, and gravimetric techniques. The resulting materials exhibited improved swelling behavior, mechanical strength, and field performance. Due to cooperative molecular interactions, the IPCs formed microstructured hydrogels that were capable of reducing irrigation frequency and water loss. These findings demonstrate the potential of IPCs as an eco-friendly solution for sustainable agriculture. The work directly supports Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by addressing water efficiency (SDG 6), agricultural productivity (SDG 2), and climate resilience (SDG 13), highlighting the role of material science in solving environmental challenges.