Unraveling the clinico-epidemiological profile of small cell lung cancer in Northeast India: A 5-year analysis from a tertiary care center

ABSTRACT Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy with high metastatic potential. Despite global declines, it remains a significant health burden, especially in regions with high smoking rates. In Northeast India, particularly Manipur, data on SCLC is limited. Objectives: This study evaluates the clinico-epidemiological characteristics, treatment responses, and outcomes of SCLC patients treated at a tertiary care center in Northeast India over a five-year period. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal, analyzing data from patients diagnosed with SCLC between 2020-2024. Information on demographics, clinical presentations, risk factors, treatment modalities, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 136 patients were included, with a median age of 60 years. The majority (94.85%) were smokers. Common symptoms included dyspnea (68%) and cough (60%), with mass lesions in 64.7% of cases. Extensive-stage disease was present in 77.95% of patients. Chemotherapy (cisplatin-etoposide) was the primary treatment, and partial response was observed in 59.80% of patients. However, relapse rates were high, leading to poor long-term outcomes. Conclusion: SCLC in Northeast India shows global patterns but with notable regional differences, such as high tobacco use and late-stage diagnosis. Enhanced early detection and region-specific health interventions are crucial. Further studies are needed to guide personalized treatment strategies.