Avian Adventures: Birdwatching as a Catalyst for Economic Growth in Goa's Wetlands

Abstract Birdwatching in hinterland regions presents a unique opportunity for ecotourism development, combining conservation, education, and sustainable economic growth. As interest in nature-based tourism grows, birdwatching emerges as a sustainable and low-impact tourism activity that can drive conservation efforts while benefiting local communities and economies. Proper management can position it as a model for balancing ecological integrity and economic benefits. Further research and policy support are necessary to maximize its potential as a key component of hinterland tourism. A qualitative approach has been used as it can capture the experiences, perceptions, and behaviours of bird watchers, locals, and researchers for the purpose of adding depth to the study, highlighting how people engage with and value the wetland ecosystem. The study applies Mac Cannell’s Site Sacralization Theory and Clare Gunn Tourist Attraction Development Model to analyze at what stage of development the Wetlands of Curtorim located in Salcette Taluka in the State of Goa, India are at with respect to these two theories. The research identifies three key sacralization processes: (1) Cultural interpretation – integrating oral histories and rituals into guided experiences (2) Eco-Conscious Infrastructure – developing low impact trails, interpretive signage and visitor limits and (3) Community-Led Conservation – ensuring that tourism benefits align with local ecological and cultural preservation goals. Data for the study was collected by site visits, interviews with the local people as well as expert consultations. The study highlights the importance of responsible development of this site to maintain the integrity and authenticity of the wetland while thoughtfully incorporating accommodations and amenities for tourists. The study further proposes the promotion of eco-tourism through birdwatching, whereby, this wetland can exemplify sustainable development, offering benefits to both the local community and visitors seeking a spiritual connection alongside a birdwatching experience. Based on these insights, the study proposes policy recommendations that include community-driven tourism governance models, regulated visitor access and infrastructural improvements that uphold both ecological sustainability and cultural integrity. These findings provide valuable guidance for policymakers, conservationists and tourism planners on how the wetlands of Curtorim can be responsibly integrated into tourism without compromising their local significance.