Spectrum of different entities of mesenchymal tumors with surrogacy of immunohistochemistry: One and half year experience in teaching hospital

ABSTRACT Background: Mesenchymal tumors are a complex group of pathologically diverse childhood and adult neoplasms. They follow a different line of differentiation and may or may not resemble the origin of tissue. Mesenchymal tumors comprising soft-tissue tumors and bone tumors may arise almost anywhere in the body. This study aimed at developing a comprehensive morphological map of mesenchymal tumors histologically diagnosed in our center, which will serve as a vital component of our evolving local cancer registry. Objectives 1.To study the histopathological features and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of mesenchymal tumors. 2.To study the relative frequency of benign and malignant cases in mesenchymal tumors. 3.To estimate the age and sex distribution in mesenchymal tumors. Materials and Methods: The present study comprised all mesenchymal tumors, received in the Department of Pathology. A retrospective study was undertaken for 1.5 years starting from June 2023 to January 2025. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: Benign mesenchymal tumors constituted 92.2% of all the cases, whereas malignant mesenchymal tumors formed 5%. Mesenchymal tumors in general had a slight male preponderance. The commonest benign tumor was adipocytic tumor, and liposarcoma was the commonest malignant tumor. Conclusion: The diagnosis and management of mesenchymal tumors require a team perspective. A careful gross examination of the specimen and adequate sampling of the tumor is essential. Special stains, IHC, electron microscopy, and molecular genetic methods are helpful in addition to the routine hematoxylin and eosin for the proper diagnosis of mesenchymal tumors.