Current Strategies for Mitigating Airborne Pathogen Transmission: An Integrative Review Based on Aerosol Science and Particle Technology to Support the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Complemented by a Bibliometric Analysis

Airborne pathogen transmission remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in densely populated and poorly ventilated environments. This integrative review explores current strategies for mitigating airborne transmission through the lens of aerosol science and particle technology. Using a structured literature review approach, the study examines the behavior of viruses, bacteria, and fungi in aerosols, highlighting critical environmental factors such as droplet size, humidity, temperature, and airflow. Advanced detection techniques and air purification technologies (including HEPA filters, UVGI, photocatalysis, and electrostatic precipitation) are analyzed for their efficacy and practical limitations. A bibliometric analysis reveals a post-pandemic surge in research, with dominant themes including ventilation systems and COVID-19 mitigation. The review emphasizes the alignment of mitigation strategies with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDGs 3, 9, 11, and 13. It concludes by advocating for interdisciplinary, policy-driven, and AI-enhanced approaches to improve indoor air quality and reduce the risk of airborne infectious diseases.