Boko Haram Resurgence and Its Impact on the Survival and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMES) in Northern Senatorial Zone of Adamawa State, Nigeria

The resurgence of Boko Haram insurgency in the Northern Senatorial Zone of Adamawa State has profoundly disrupted economic activities, with Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) bearing the brunt of the impact. These businesses, which form the backbone of local economies, have faced serious setbacks in their operations and long-term sustainability due to renewed insurgent violence. This study investigates the extent to which the insurgency has affected the survival and growth of SMEs in the LGAs. Employing a mixed-method research design, the study combines quantitative data from 150 SMEs through structured questionnaires with qualitative insights from interviews and field observations. The findings reveal that insecurity has negatively influenced critical areas such as investment decisions, daily business operations, customer accessibility, infrastructure reliability, and general business confidence. Specifically, the research identifies a strong link between the insurgency and declines in productivity, restricted access to capital, unstable workforce conditions due to displacement and fear, and limited market reach resulting from movement restrictions. These challenges have not only reduced the competitiveness of SMEs but have also led to the closure of several businesses, thereby exacerbating unemployment and poverty in the region. Based on the findings, the study recommends comprehensive and sustained security interventions to restore peace and confidence among business operators. Furthermore, it advocates for targeted financial support, trauma counseling, and business development services to help SME owners recover and rebuild. Establishing a robust economic recovery framework is also vital to reinvigorate enterprise development and ensure the long-term viability of SMEs in conflict-affected LGAs in Adamawa state.