Data-Driven Evaluation of Leadership Competency Development for Elementary School Principals: A Systems Engineering Approach

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an elementary school principal’s leadership competency development program using a systems engineering approach integrated with science and technology principles. Employing a mixed-method design, data were collected from supervisors, principals, and teachers through questionnaires and interviews. Quantitative findings showed leadership competencies were consistently rated as good. Qualitative analysis revealed systemic barriers, such as administrative burden, inconsistent feedback, and the absence of digital monitoring systems. These factors hinder adaptive learning because they reduce collaboration and data-driven decision-making. Integrating a systems engineering mindset with real-time digital supervision and peer mentoring is essential for iterative improvements. This approach impacts educational leadership by promoting structured yet flexible feedback loops, enhancing principal performance, and supporting scalable leadership innovation within diverse school ecosystems.