A Complex Operator Z = M + i Q : Advantages for QCD and the Standard Model
We introduce a complex operator Z = M + iQ that unifies dynamical (mass-related) and topological (charge-related) contributions within a single holomorphic structure. This formulation offers significant advantages over separate treatments of M and Q, enabling compact representation of symmetries, natural holomorphic renormalization group flows, and a unified criterion for gauge coupling unification. In the context of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and the Standard Model (SM), the operator framework clarifies confinement, CP violation, and the convergence of running couplings in the grand unification limit.
Institutions
- Philipps University of Marburg (DE)
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (DE)
- Giessen School of Theology (DE)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Published
- 2025-09-16
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17131584
- Primary Topic
- Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00