ECOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PATHOGENS OF WINTER HYBRID RYE MYCOSES IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

The article highlights the results of a study of the ecological and biological characteristics of pathogens of winter hybrid rye mycoses in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. It has been established that the dominant diseases are brown leaf and stem rust, leaf septoria, powdery mildew, and a complex of root rot. Snow mold, fusarium head blight, and smut are less widespread, but in years with high humidity, they can significantly reduce grain yield and quality. It has been shown that the development of pathogens is determined by a combination of their biological properties, varietal characteristics of hybrids, and climatic factors. The results obtained provide a scientific basis for improving the integrated crop protection system aimed at reducing the infection load and ensuring stable yield formation.