A Study of Thyroid Profile in Patient with Pre-Eclampsia and Normal Pregnancy in A Tertiary Care Centre- A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that leads to significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Recent studies suggest a link between thyroid dysfunction and pre-eclampsia, highlighting the potential role of thyroid hormones in the disease's pathogenesis. This study aims to investigate the thyroid profile in women with pre-eclampsia compared to normal pregnancies and assess its association with the severity of the condition. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Sri Aurobindo Medical College & PG Institute-Indore, involving 200 pregnant women, with 100 women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia and 100 normotensive pregnant controls. All participants were tested for thyroid function, including Free T4, Free T3, and TSH levels. Data was collected on demographic, obstetric characteristics, and blood pressure profiles, and analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. Results: Women with pre-eclampsia exhibited higher levels of TSH and lower levels of Free T3 and Free T4 compared to normotensive women. Subclinical and overt hypothyroidism were significantly more common in the pre-eclampsia group. Additionally, a significant correlation was found between worsening thyroid dysfunction and the severity of pre-eclampsia, with severe cases associated with a higher prevalence of thyroid abnormalities. Conclusion: The study indicates a strong association between thyroid dysfunction, particularly hypothyroidism, and pre-eclampsia. Monitoring thyroid function in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia may offer a useful tool for identifying at-risk individuals and improving maternal and fetal outcomes.