IoT-Based Healthcare Monitoring Systems: Current Technologies and Challenges

IoT-Based Healthcare Monitoring Systems has gained significant traction with advancements in digital technologies, enabling continuous tracking of patient health outside traditional clinical settings. Various techniques are employed to enhance healthcare delivery, improve patient outcomes, and reduce hospital readmissions. This paper explores the latest technologies in IoT-based healthcare monitoring systems which include wearable sensors, telemedicine, mobile health applications (Health apps), biometric sensors, artificial intelligence (AI)-based predictive analytics, and smart pills, and the challenges associated with their implementation. Wearable biosensors monitor vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen levels in real time, while IoT-integrated systems facilitate data transmission to healthcare providers for immediate intervention. Telemedicine platforms support virtual consultations, enabling remote diagnosis and treatment. The wearable sensors, telemedicine, mobile health applications (Health apps), biometric sensors, artificial intelligence technology process large datasets to predict health risks and detect abnormalities, enhancing early diagnosis and personalized care. Additionally, Smart pills are ingestible sensors that can detect various physiological conditions or medication ingestion, providing real-time health data, and enhance communication between patients and healthcare providers. Despite these advancements, challenges which limit implementation and adoption such as data accuracy and security, interoperability, patient compliance, infrastructure limitations, environmental factors, durability, and cost among others are discussed in this paper. This will enable future innovations focus on improving system accuracy, enhancing cybersecurity, and integrating advanced AI models to refine remote monitoring capabilities.