Chromium and arsenic in an abandoned open dumpsite soil in Iligan, Philippines: A comprehensive ecological and health risk analysis

Improper municipal solid waste disposal is a critical issue impacting soil quality, mainly through the contamination of heavy metals. This study aims to assess the concentrations of chromium and arsenic in the open dumpsite soil of Iligan City, Philippines, and its impacts on the environment and human health. Currently there is no data on the ecological and human health risks associated with open dumpsites in the Philippines. The results indicated that while chromium concentrations fell within acceptable limits for agricultural use, arsenic concentrations significantly exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations set by regulatory bodies, posing a serious environmental hazard. The potential ecological risk index classifies the area as having a low ecological risk, yet highlighted a severe risk associated with arsenic. Health risk assessments indicated that both adults and children fall within acceptable levels for both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks. Overall, these findings demonstrate a need for targeted environmental management strategies in Iligan City to mitigate heavy metal contamination, especially arsenic, and to protect the health of local populations. Remediation efforts and ongoing monitoring are essential to prevent further ecological damage and safeguard public health, particularly for vulnerable groups like children. published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES