Optimizing Channel Configurations to Enhance Thermal Comfort in Connected Enclosed Atrium (Case Studies: Yazd and Tabriz)

Global challenges, including climate change and rising energy consumption, necessitate sustainable architectural solutions. Optimizing architectural design for passive natural ventilation enhances energy efficiency and reduces reliance on mechanical systems. An investigation was conducted to examine how channel dimensions impact thermal comfort in connected, enclosed atria in Yazd and Tabriz. The objective is to determine channel configurations that maximize year-round thermal comfort while minimizing mechanical heating and cooling. With Rhino software and Honeybee and Ladybug plugins, simulation models were developed. A variety of channel dimensions were tested to determine the optimum PMV values throughout seasonal changes. A variety of channel widths were evaluated for thermal comfort. The atrium and adjoining spaces were improved by enhancing airflow and temperature regulation. In both cities, a 1-meter channel width consistently provided optimal thermal comfort. During winter, PMV should be -3.43, in autumn -0.66, in summer 2.41, and in spring 0.0041. As in Tabriz, the winter PMV is -4.94, the autumn PMV is -0.62, the summer PMV is 0.72, and the spring PMV is -1.13. One-meter channel widths maintain comfort through seasonal temperature variations and environmental conditions, eliminating the need for supplemental heating or cooling. The study highlights the importance of climate-responsive design and optimizing passive ventilation systems to enhance building energy efficiency. As a result, buildings can be designed for both hot and cold climates. Energy-efficient and comfortable architectural solutions are supported. A focus on channel dimensions for optimal natural ventilation is recommended for future building designs in similar climates.