The Effect of the Problem-Based Learning Model Assisted by Flipbook Media on Learning Outcomes and Critical Thinking Skills of Grade VI Students in Pancasila Education at Public Elementary Schools

Abstract : The learning of Pancasila Education at Kunir Lor 01 Public Elementary School still faces several challenges. Student learning outcomes have not yet reached optimal levels, and their critical thinking skills remain relatively low. The learning process is still dominated by teacher-centered approaches, with heavy reliance on textbooks as the sole teaching resource, while the use of innovative learning models and media remains limited. Addressing these issues requires the implementation of learning strategies that can actively engage students and foster higher-order thinking. This research aims to examine the influence of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model supported by Flipbook media in improving student learning outcomes and critical thinking skills. The study employed a true experimental design with a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design involving grade VI students at Kunir Lor 01 Public Elementary School. The research instrument consisted of tests administered both before and after the intervention. Data analysis was conducted using the independent samples t-test with the assistance of SPSS 27 for Windows. The results demonstrated that students in the experimental group, who were taught using the PBL model integrated with Flipbook media, achieved higher average scores in both learning outcomes and critical thinking compared to the control group. Hypothesis testing further confirmed these findings, showing significance values of 0.000 for learning outcomes and 0.006 for critical thinking skills, both below the threshold of 0.05. These results indicate significant differences between the experimental and control groups. In conclusion, the integration of the PBL model with Flipbook media has a positive and significant effect on enhancing both the learning outcomes and critical thinking skills of elementary school students. This suggests that innovative and student-centered learning approaches are essential to improve the quality of Pancasila Education.