Digitalization of Pesantren: Strategies for Existence in the Modern Era (A Multi-Case Study of Three Pesantren in East Java)

Pondok Pesantren is a unique and distinctive educational system in the Nusantara region. It is considered distinctive because pesantren exist only in Indonesia. It is also regarded as unique due to its special characteristics that are not found in other educational systems. Pesantren have proven their ability to maintain classical learning models up to the present day. Additionally, the leadership model of the *kiai* is considered to have its own uniqueness. Pesantren are perceived as complex institutions in terms of management, often appearing far from structured and orderly, yet they continue to exist and adapt to various historical dynamics. Entering the digital era, the rapid transformation in the field of education compels pesantren to implement strategic transformations to integrate education with digital technological advancements. This is essential to prevent the erosion of the core values and unique identity of pesantren while ensuring they remain relevant in the modern era. The digital era presents a significant challenge for pondok pesantren, while at the same time offering a golden opportunity to strengthen their existence. The dynamics of changing times, along with various transformations, have shaped pondok pesantren into resilient institutions that maintain their classical educational model while continuously evolving. The transformations occurring in this digital era will test the existence of pondok pesantren, as they have traditionally been associated with classical education and are often perceived as maintaining a distance from digital technology, which characterizes this era. It is crucial for pondok pesantren to respond positively to these changes so that they can remain strong and relevant as societal orientations continue to shift in line with technological advancements.To sustain their existence; pondok pesantren must strengthen themselves through strategic transformations by implementing relevant innovations that align with the demands of the times. This study examines the implementation of transformation strategies in three pesantren in East Java (Pesantren Al-Falah Ploso Kediri, Pesantren Al-Islahiyyah Mayan Kediri, and Pesantren Mamba’ul Hikam Mantenan Blitar). A qualitative approach with a multi-site design was applied in this research. Data collection techniques included participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The application of Miles and Huberman's data analysis techniques was compared with Johnny Saldana’s data condensation method. The findings indicate that the implementation of transformation strategies in pondok pesantren involves institutional transformation, teaching method adaptation, curriculum development, collective-collaborative leadership, and relevant management development aligned with the digital era. These strategies help accelerate the shift in societal orientation when choosing educational institutions. The study reinforces Clifford Geertz’s assertion that the kiai will continue to maintain their existence.