Cloud-Based Building Information Modelling (BIM): Transforming Architectural Design and Collaboration in the Digital Era

By combining Building Information Modelling (BIM) with cloud computing technologies, the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry is undergoing a paradigm shift. This paper will examine how design processes that were formerly disjointed and non-integrated are transitioning to a state where design activities are coordinated and seamless, utilising cloud-based BIM systems. This study helps to understand how cloud-enabled BIM platforms create Common Data Environments (CDEs) that can act as centralised stores of project information, considering a comprehensive technological framework, implementation approaches, and performance indicators. The proposed treatment involves a mixed-methods design, where case study analysis, performance benchmarking, and evaluation of stakeholder feedback are utilised across various types of projects. It shows substantial growth in the level of design coordination (up to a 50 % reduction in meeting times) and a reduction in errors (a 75% decrease in clash-related problems), as well as increased stakeholder satisfaction levels. Nonetheless, there are still problems in the spheres of data safety, managing organisational change, and dependency on technical infrastructure. This study found that Cloud-Based BIM is a fundamental shift necessary to support the competitiveness of the AEC industry moving forward, and new integrations of artificial intelligence, digital twins, and extended reality are areas of potential transformation. The paper contributes to the emerging research on digital construction technologies and provides best practices for industry practitioners transitioning to new technology.