Global climate change: Impacts from polar ice to equatorial heat

Climate change is a major environmental emergency during the twenty-first century because it generates large effects throughout ecosystems, together with impacts on human societies and worldwide economies. This investigation examines climate change effects across worldwide polar ice regions, together with equatorial heat zones, by reviewing research trends in these different climatic zones. Scientometric analysis methods were used to examine publications available in Scopus from 2009 to 2025. The research utilized VOSviewer together with Bibliometrix to conduct keyword co-occurrence and citation analyses while identifying research hotspots. Research evidence shows a stronger interest in polar regions because ice melt publications and their effect on sea-level rise have become more prevalent. Climate change research dedicated to socioeconomic analysis continues to expand within tropical regions, because heat stress threatens both biodiversity and human health. Research on climate change has received major backing from the United States, China, and India through their strong international collaboration efforts. This study establishes its importance because it investigates climate change through holistic geographical and thematic examinations. This research demonstrates that scientists have achieved significant advancements in environmental studies on climate change, but investigative work still needs to be done on how climate change impacts social economies and policy formation.