Environmental and Economic Aspects of Using Recycled Materials in Solar Collector Manufacturing

The escalating demand for solar thermal collectors has prompted concerns regarding the environmental and economic ramifications of conventional manufacturing processes, which significantly depend on virgin materials such as aluminum, glass, and silicon. This study examines the eco-economic feasibility of integrating recycled materials into solar collector production through a multi-method approach that encompasses material flow analysis (MFA), techno-economic modeling, life cycle assessment (LCA), and agent-based policy simulation. Empirical data from operational recycling facilities in Germany, Japan, and the United States were utilised to quantify recovery efficiencies and material qualities. The results indicate that high-purity silicon (≥99.9999%) was recovered in 31% of processed samples, with mechanical and thermal separation processes achieving yields exceeding 90%. The levelized cost of recycled silicon ($13.6–19.2/kg) was determined to be competitive with virgin alternatives, particularly in scenarios of escalating energy costs. The environmental impact analysis demonstrated significant reductions—up to 74% in energy consumption and 55% in greenhouse gas emissions—when employing recycled materials. Policy simulations propose that the adoption of recycled inputs could attain 64% by 2030 under a 50% content mandate coupled with tax incentives. However, challenges persist in ensuring consistent material quality and establishing international standards.