Recent Advances in Photoredox Catalysis for Organic Synthesis

The visible light photoredox concept is rapidly used for the catalytic reactions nowadays in modern organic synthesis and it offers very efficient, selective and environmentally responsible approaches for different bond formation. This bond formation can be achieved by desulfonylation, decarboxylation, and radical-mediated cleavage to the activation of aryl halides for C–B, C–O, C–S, and related couplings. Additionally we can also use defluorinative methodologies, alkene di-functionalization, bio-orthogonal photocatalytic reactions, and visible-light-driven C–H functionalization of heteroarenes in modern organic synthesis. Through this method we not only change the functional groups and bond formation, but by this approach enables the modification of biologically active molecules , enhancing their practical relevance in pharmaceuticals and material science. This review covers the most recent progress in this field of photoredox catalysis and also include mechanistic pathway, substrate scope and its application. Remaining challenges—including catalyst design, reaction scalability, and sustainable integration—are discussed to provide future perspectives on how photoredox catalysis will continue shaping innovative strategies in synthetic chemistry.