Dual-Clock Framework for Radiation–Gravity Systems: Constraining Black Hole Mass from the Repeating GRB 250702BDE

This work was developed in direct response to the recent arXiv preprint (July 2025, arXiv:2507.14286) reporting the extraordinary repeating gamma-ray burst GRB 250702BDE, which showed three pulses separated by ~2825 s. That discovery provided the first clear observational imprint of a “viscous clock” operating in an accretion disk around a compact object, likely an intermediate-mass black hole. Building on this, our paper introduces a dual-clock framework for radiation–gravity systems. The Eddington clock (τ_Edd ≈ 3.9×10^8 yr) acts as a universal, mass-independent ceiling for quasi-static stellar envelopes near the Eddington limit (e.g., LBVs and WR stars). The viscous disk clock (t_visc) explains the recurrence times in compact accretion phenomena, including repeating GRBs. By unifying these two timescales, we show how the same radiation–gravity principles organize both stellar envelope stability and compact-object variability, directly connecting LBVs, Wolf–Rayet stars, and repeating GRBs under a single framework. .