Whose English? A Narrative Review of the Dominant Norms in Aviation English Assessment

Employing a narrative review approach, this synthesis examines research on Aviation English, focusing on linguistic norms, assessment policies, and practices, and their implications for both native and non-native speakers, within the context of global aviation safety and fairness. It addresses the critical question of whose English norms dominate assessment frameworks. This review examines the ICAO Language Proficiency Requirements in relation to debates over the appropriateness of native-speaker benchmarks compared to the communicative demands of the aviation industry. It also evaluates recent advancements in testing technologies and AI-based natural language processing tools, with particular attention to their validity, ethical considerations, and inclusiveness. This review analyzes the impact of globalization and the competing demands of standardized practice, operational authenticity, and intercultural competence, which provide a critical understanding of the complexities of the Aviation English assessment.