Frequency of Low Back Pain and Functional Disability among Salespersons in Islamabad

Background: Low back pain is a common problem among salespersons, leading to disability and affecting their health and work productivity. Salespersons are particularly vulnerable to low back pain due to long hours of standing, repetitive movements, and frequent lifting. This musculoskeletal issue can significantly impact their health, job performance, and overall quality of life. Objective: To assess the frequency, intensity of low back pain and functional disabilities among salespersons in Islamabad. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among salespersons in local shops and malls of Islamabad from May to August 2024, through a non-probability convenience sampling technique. Using a 95% confidence interval, a 5% error of measurement and a prevalence rate of 56.25% reported by an earlier study, 372 participants were selected, calculated by using Epitools. The study participants included individuals aged 18-35 years, of both genders, with at least one year of working experience, who stood for at least five hours daily and performed manual handling tasks like lifting, carrying, and arranging objects, as per Purani et al. Participants with recent trauma, vertebral fracture, spinal pathology, musculoskeletal deformity, neurological disorders, history of back fracture or surgery within three months or pregnancy were excluded. Data was collected through a self-structured questionnaire, the Numerical Pain Rating Scale, and the Oswestry Disability Index. Questionnaires were distributed to the participants who fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviations were calculated for continuous variables, and categorical variables were calculated as percentages. Results: Out of 360 participants, 61.1% were males and 38.9% were females. The study found that 87% of participants experienced low back pain, with 61.94% reporting minimal disability. The findings suggest a correlation between job tenure and the prevalence of low back pain, as well as the impact of specific job tasks on the occurrence of low back pain. Conclusion: The prevalence of low back pain among salespersons is notably high, although it typically results in minimal disability. Hence, it is imperative to offer sales staff comprehensive ergonomic training to proactively address and prevent occurrences of low back pain and related musculoskeletal disorders.