What is Good or Evil?

The problem of good and evil is highly associated with human freedom and moral responsibility. Whence comes evil? How can the existence of evil be compatible with God’s perfection? Are we living in a pre-determined world as helpless agents of the already programed human behavior? To what extent do man’s rationality, moral sentiment and freedom determine his/her moral responsibility to establish a just social order? These are the central questions addressed in this article. There are different debates on the problem of good and evil and moral responsibility. Some deny the existence of evil at all. Others argue that natural incidents perceived as evil are God’s plans to cure nature and moral evils are deprivation of goodness in humans due to their will. The main objective of this article is to entertain the basic arguments on the problem and to call the attention of scholars, policy makers and activists on the basic moral problems we are facing in administration, media use and handling diversity. Using Qualitative research method (critical social theory perspective), it is argued that moral evil is one of the existential problems of human life; and humans, as rational beings endowed with free will, are morally responsible to minimize it. Moral responsibility is a foundation for other responsibilities in addressing fundamental human and environmental problems. It is extended from taking the accountability for one’s own choices, to the humane response to the miseries of humans, to maintain sustainable human security and ecosystem wellbeing.