Behçet's disease - contemporary etiopathogenetic explanations, current diagnosis and treatment possibilities

This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Behçet’s disease (BD), a chronic, relapsing, multisystem inflammatory disorder with unclear etiology. It synthesizes recent findings on genetic predispositions, environmental triggers (e.g., Streptococcus sanguinis), immune dysregulation (Th17 cells, Tregs), and novel therapeutic strategies including biologics targeting interleukins. BD is characterized by mucocutaneous lesions, ocular involvement, vasculitis, and other systemic manifestations. This thesis emphasizes integrating contemporary research into clinical practice to improve diagnosis and management.