Modeling magnetic fluid hyperthermia for tumors: Acomprehensive study on skin tissue

Magnetic hyperthermia is a highly effective tumor therapy that utilizes the heat generated by activating magnetic nanoparticles with an alternating magnetic field. In this paper, to minimize the risk and optimize the therapy, we have conducted a simulation of magnetic heat generation in a three-layer skin medium with an elliptical tumor to treat skin cancer using the Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles. The model incorporates Darcy's Law and Brinkmann model, the transport of diluted species, and Pennes' bio-heat transfer equations within COMSOL Multiphysics software. The simulation accounts for the injection, diffusion, and induced heat generation of magnetic nanoparticles after exposure to a magnetic field. The simulation results show that the nanoparticles dispersed in the tumor after 24 hours, and the center of the tumor was destroyed after being exposed to the magnetic field with amplitude of 3.5 kA/m and frequency of 400 kHz for 1000 seconds. Also, the study investigated the effects of different temperature discretization methods, damage models, and temperature-dependent blood perfusion rates on tumor tissue damage. The results obtained from this study can provide valuable insights for optimizing various parameters of the thermotherapy procedure, such as exposure time, frequency and amplitude of applied magnetic field, and nanoparticles variables.