Pickering Emulsions Based on Polysaccharides and Biocompatible Particles: A Review of Bio Application, Stabilization and Application

Abstract Pickering emulsions (PEs), stabilized by solid particles rather than traditional surfactants, are gaining significant attention due to their superior stability, biocompatibility, and reduced toxicity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of PEs stabilized by Abstract- polysaccharides and other biocompatible particles, focusing on their formation, stabilization mechanisms, and diverse applications. We explore various methods for PE preparation, including rotor-stator homogenization, high-pressure homogenization, and probe sonication. The critical role of particle characteristics—such as size, wettability, surface charge, and concentration—in dictating emulsion type (O/W or W/O) and stability is examined. The review highlights the use of a wide range of natural biopolymers, including cellulose derivatives (nanocrystals and nanofibrils), chitosan, starch, and proteins like zein, as effective stabilizers. Furthermore, it delves into the expanding applications of these biocompatible PEs in the food industry for active packaging and delivery of bioactive compounds, in pharmaceuticals for topical and transdermal drug delivery, and in cosmetics. While PEs offer considerable advantages, challenges related to production scalability, regulatory approval (e.g., GRAS status for nanocellulose), and long-term performance remain. Future research should focus on optimizing particle modification, exploring novel biopolymer sources, and conducting thorough in vivo studies to fully realize the potential of these advanced colloidal systems