The Role of Microbium in Animal Health

Abstract The microbiome are the diverse community of microorganism present in the body of animals. They are made of many different micro organisms. They play an important role in the physiological functions and the overall health of the host. These microorganism may present in the digestive tract, respiratory tract, skin and other body tissues. This paper focuses on the complex relationship within the microbiome of the gut, how it is formed, mechanism of action and interaction with the host. The structure and the diversity of the gut microbes in the animals depends upon several factors such as, host’s environment, temperature, pH, oxygen availability, diet of the host, genetic composition o the host, living conditions and the management of the animals. The imbalance in these gut microbial can cause problems in the digestive and the immune system of the animals resulting in the decreased productivity and decline in overall health of the animal. For better communication between the cells and the proper transportation between the various barriers such as intestinal wall and the blood-brain barrier, extracellular vesicles like exosomes are required. If these connections are disrupted, it may lead to the various disorders in the animals. Certain interventions like prebiotics, probiotics, microbial transplant and phage therapy helps to improve the animal health. phage therapy to modify the gut microbiota shows promising results for improving the animal health and food safety in poultry farming. The interplay between host environment, microorganism in the git and extracellular vesicles helps understanding how the host and the microbs interact and affects the health of animals and influence their productivity. More research in this field is needed to create better treatment and better ways to manage the gut health and overall well being of the animals.