Особливості показників фізичної підготовленості веслярів-паралімпійців у веслуванні академічному

The training process for highly skilled rowers must consider all types of preparation, but physical training remains the central focus. This type of preparation involves the development and improvement of general physical qualities, the sufficient level of which forms the foundation for success in any sport. A targeted approach to developing physical qualities and the functional capabilities of the body is the core task of the training process in academic rowing. Physical training is divided into general and specialized types. General physical training aims at the comprehensive development of physical qualities such as strength, endurance, speed, agility, and flexibility. Specialized physical training focuses on developing the physical qualities and skills necessary for a specific activity or sport. In academic rowing, key physical qualities include strength, endurance, and coordination. Developing strength and endurance ensures the ability to sustain high rowing power during competitions. It is also worth noting that rowing competitions often occur in challenging weather conditions, adding extra difficulties. Coordination abilities are essential for athletes to fully realize their physical potential in such conditions. The Purpose of our study: To determine the characteristics of general and specialized physical fitness indicators in highly skilled Paralympic rowers. Material and methods: Analysis and synthesis of scientific-methodological literature and online sources, evaluation of general and specialized physical fitness indicators, and mathematical statistical methods. Results: The study found that athletes in the PR1 and PR2 groups achieved better results in tests involving upper shoulder girdle muscles. In contrast, athletes in the PR3 group showed test results comparable to the normative indicators outlined in the Training Program for Youth Sports Schools (YSS). Conclusions: Testing was conducted on a group of national-level Paralympic rowers, comprising eight men and seven women. The athletes were classified based on gender and type of impairment. The test results were analyzed and compared to the normative standards of the Training Program for YSS, which is designed for able-bodied athletes. The analysis revealed that athletes in the PR1 and PR2 categories had significantly better results in exercises involving upper limb muscles, while PR3 athletes had results comparable to the normative standards of the Training Program for YSS.