THE CONSQUENCES OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LIVILHOOD OF MIGRANT SENDING URBAN HOUSE HOLDS IN SHINSHICHO TOWN

Abstract The main objective of this study is to explore the Consequences of International migration livelihood of migrant sending urban households in Shinshicho town. To achieve this objective; both quantitative and qualitative methods are employed, and used both primary and secondary sources of information. The researcher select random sample from a total of 1636 migrants household or community shinshicho town two Keble Mexooma and ketalaa(36 out migrant, 56 return migrants, non migrants 71 ).The result of the study indicated that lack of job opportunities, family or peer pressure, poverty, unemployment, lack of skill to create jobs, population density with agricultural land scarcity, brokers, and lack of commitment of the local government officials to create jobs are the key push factors of migration. On the other hand, job opportunities, better income, and smugglers at destination country are identified as pull factors of migration. The finding of the study also showed that the flow of remittance, creation of job opportunities, Diaspora benefits, better life and poverty reduction are the positive consequences of migration. Whereas, income inequality among the people, dependency on remittance, brain drain, school dropout rates and cultural diffusion are identified as negative consequences of migration in the study area. Migration is an ever- growing phenomenon that has important development implications for both sending and receiving countries. For a sending country migration and the resulting remittances lead to increased incomes and poverty reduction, improved health and educational outcomes, and promote economic development. Since many developing countries are also large recipients of international migrants, they face challenges of integration of immigrants, job competition between migrant and native workers, and fiscal costs associated with provision of social services to the migrants. In light of the problems that evidently observed in the study area regarding the cause and effect of irregular migration to South Africa, the following suggestions are forwarded in attempt to the mitigate the prevailing problems. In order to control the causes of irregular migration in the study area, the full participation of all concerned bodies including the community, governmental organization, nongovernmental organization and religious institutions. All the stake holders should work together on the areas like creating awareness on the effects of irregular migration in the study area based on these findings, recommendations are made.