Understanding the Socio-Economic Challenges of Cotton Growers in the Middle Gujarat

Cotton farming is a key source of livelihood for farmers in Middle Gujarat, but they face multiple socio-economic and production-related challenges. This study explores the cotton value chain by examining farmers’ landholdings, labor practices, marketing channels, yields, income, and awareness of government schemes, with a focus on factors affecting productivity and access to the Minimum Support Price (MSP). Primary data were collected from 340 cotton farmers. Results indicate that most farmers have small to medium landholdings and rely primarily on hired and family labor. The majority sell cotton through commission agents and local markets, with limited use of cooperatives or direct ginner channels. Cotton yields are mostly moderate, and incomes vary widely, with many earning either below ₹50,000 or above ₹1,50,000 annually. Awareness of MSP and government schemes is fairly high, though consistent access and utilization remain a challenge. Statistical analysis shows that larger landholdings enhance MSP access, labor shortages reduce productivity, and higher-income farmers are more aware of government schemes. The study highlights the importance of better market access, adequate labor support, adoption of modern farming techniques, and effective awareness programs to boost productivity, increase income, and improve the overall well-being of cotton farmers in the region.