Formulation and Evaluation of Lutein and Zeaxanthin Containing Ophthalmic Formulation for the Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of central vision loss. Lutein and zeaxanthin, macular carotenoids, protect the retina but have poor ocular bioavailability when administered orally. This study developed a nanoemulsion-based ophthalmic formulation using castor oil, Tween 80, propylene glycol, sodium phosphate buffer, sodium chloride, and EDTA. The formulation exhibited nanosized droplets (~95 nm), low polydispersity, sustained 12‑h release, isotonicity, and ocular safety. The nanoemulsion approach enhances ocular delivery of lutein and zeaxanthin, offering a potential therapy for AMD.