CLINICAL PHENOTYPES AND DIAGNOSTIC FRAMEWORKS OF FACIAL NERVE NEUROPATHY IN THE PEDIATRIC POPULATION

Facial nerve neuropathy (FNN) in children is a heterogeneous neurological condition with diverse etiological factors and clinical presentations. This thesis reviews the major clinical phenotypes of pediatric FNN, including idiopathic (Bell’s palsy), infectious, traumatic, congenital, and neoplastic forms. A systematic analysis of diagnostic frameworks demonstrates the importance of multidisciplinary approaches, incorporating neurological examination, electrophysiological testing, neuroimaging, and laboratory assessments. Idiopathic cases predominate in the pediatric population, yet congenital and traumatic neuropathies exhibit less favorable outcomes. Recognition of clinical phenotypes allows for tailored therapeutic strategies and more accurate prognostic predictions. The study emphasizes the need for pediatric-specific diagnostic algorithms and future prospective multicenter trials to optimize management and improve long-term outcomes.