Frontier AI Governance — Nine‑Layer AI Safety Stack (9‑page Brief)

Frontier AI Governance — Nine‑Layer AI Safety Stack (9‑page Brief)This policy brief summarizes a nine‑layer “combination‑therapy” governance stack for frontier‑scale AI. The stack adapts proven safety logic from high‑stakes domains (nuclear, biosecurity, aviation, finance) to AI by layering complementary safeguards so that no single failure is fatal. The layers cover compute caps (L1), dangerous‑capability testing (L2), continuous red‑teaming (L3), hardware telemetry (L4), cryptographic provenance (L5), rights‑clean data (L6), sustainability guardrails (L7), graduated liability/insurance (L8), and citizens’ assemblies (L9). A Minimal Stack—L1/L2/L4/L5/L8—is proposed for immediate pilots (2025–26). Drawing on the companion report’s modeling, full deployment by ~2030 could reduce the 10‑year catastrophe risk from ~15% to ≤4% (central estimate) while preserving innovation via targeted, verifiable controls. The brief includes real‑world analogies, enforcement pathways (telemetry, licensing, insurance), and an implementation arc from pilots to global coordination. It is intended for policymakers, regulators, industry leaders, researchers, and media seeking a concise blueprint to cut systemic AI risk quickly and credibly. (Companion to Sandhu, 2025, v3.1.)