INNOVADE Interdisciplinary Knowledge Base on Digital Democracy - D2.1 (DRAFT)

This report presents an interdisciplinary knowledge base on digital democracy. It discusses the state-of-the-art of a variety of research aspects and dimensions of digital democracy. It asks what digital democracy is, what digital media’s potentials and challenges for advancing democracy are, and how societal developments influence the development of digital democracy. Given the increasing polarisation of (digital) politics, the task this deliverable addresses is highly topical: It wants to better understand what digital democracy is and how it works. This report's focus is on digital democracy in general, digital deliberation, online participation, open governance, digital activism, e-voting, global trends that influence digital democracy, and foreign interferences in democracy. This deliverable was submitted to the granting authority 31/08/2025. It has not yet been approved by the granting authority.