ETHICAL LEADERSHIP AND NURSES' ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR: THE MEDIATING ROLES OF TRUST AND SELF-EFFICACY IN HEALTHCARE SETTINGS

ABSTRACT Ethical leadership has increasingly been linked to positive organizational outcomes, particularly nurses' organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). However, the mediating roles of trust and self-efficacy are poorly researched in sub-Saharan Africa. This present study systematically reviews empirically the mediating roles of trust and self-efficacy between ethical leadership and OCB in healthcare settings. Based on peer-reviewed studies conducted in China, Vietnam, Kenya, Ghana, and other countries, the review synthesizes the evidence to highlight repeated patterns and contextual differences. The evidence suggests that trust is always a mediator of the ethical leadership-OCB relationship, while self-efficacy has mixed results. The review makes an original contribution by highlighting gaps in African healthcare research and providing practical implications for leadership development, nursing administration, and improved patient care outcomes.