CERTAIN RELIGIOUS AND POLITICAL FACTORS IN THE EMERGENCE OF MOVEMENTS IN ISLAM

This article examines the emergence of the first disagreements within the Muslim Ummah following the revival of Islam, and the subsequent development of the first religious movements as a result of the "first conspiracy" in the Islamic world. In particular, it presents views on the emergence of several movements, such as the Kharijites, Azraqites, and Qarmatians, which arose from the internecine struggle of various groups for political power. The article also discusses how these movements differ in essence and ideological roots from orthodox (traditional) Islamic teachings. Additionally, it offers judgments about the role of these movements in Islamic society during the 8th-9th centuries, their distinctive features and negative actions, and the consequences of their activities carried out under the guise of religion. Furthermore, the author provides recommendations and conclusions on specific issues related to religious and political factors in the emergence of various movements in Islam.