Qualitative Estimation, Total Phenol Content, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity from the Fruits Extracts of Evodia Fraxinifolia

In Sikkim, Evodia fraxinifolia stands out as one of the important and commonlyused plant in traditional medicine. This study aims to assess the chemical composition of different crude (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous) extracts from fruit of Evodia fraxinifolia. Herein, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) was used to identify analyze the presence of important functional groups in fruit extracts of Evodia fraxinifolia. Additionally, the extracts were screened for phytochemical metabolites, total phenol content, antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity. Phytochemicals such as alkaloids, phenols, proteins, saponins, amino acids, carbohydrates, and sterols were present in the extracts. The highest phenol content was found in ethyl acetate extract with 26.816 ± 0.42 mg of GAE/g, followed by chloroform extract with 24.984 ± 0.48 mg of GAE/g and aqueous extract with 23.67 ± 0.42 mg of GAE/g of plant sample. The antioxidant properties were determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay where ethyl acetate extract exhibit the lowest DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 33.62 µg/mL and highest by aqueous extract with 165.78µg/mL. The chloroform extract showed the bacterial inhibitionzone of 11 mm against S. aureusand E. coli respectively. The ethyl acetate extract was more effective, with 18 mm inhibition zone against S. aureus and a 15 mm zone against E. coli. The lowest Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of 16.28 µg/ml was given by ethyl acetate extract against S. aureus and the MIC value of 37.56 µg/ml by methanol extract against E. coli. To our knowledge, a study on different extracts from the fruit extract of E. fraxinifolia with phytochemicals screening, functional groups detection, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity was done for the first time. The results suggest that E. fraxinifolia extract possesses bioactive substances with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and could be a probable herbal medicine soon.