ELASTIC D1.1: Wasm and eBPF Landscape

This deliverable shows a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of Wasm and eBPF technologies, including their capabilities, limitations, and use cases. It shows the existing state-of-the-art in WebAssembly (Wasm) and WebAssembly System Interface (WASI) standards, Wasm runtime implementations, support for networking and file systems within those, and eBPF project implementations and best practices. Additionally, it investigates XDP low-latency features and limitations. It covers topics such as the security and performance of Wasm runtimes, the use of Wasm in serverless computing and cloud environments, the integration of eBPF with container orchestration systems like Kubernetes, and the use of XDP for low-latency networking applications. Furthermore, it explores the potential use cases for these technologies in the context of 6G service implementation and deployment - for example, how Wasm and eBPF can be used to enable secure and efficient execution of collaborative AI and federated machine learning (ML) models in Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) or to provide low-latency networking features for edge computing applications. It ends with future directions of these novel technologies and an initial overview of the ELASTIC architecture and components that we are developing to achieve the project objectives.