Quantifying Black Hole Entropy Increase via Particle Collisions and Randomness

Black hole entropy is a cornerstone of modern physics,traditionally linked to macroscopic parameters such asmass and event horizon area. Yet, microscopic processes,including particle collisions and quantum fluctuations, alsocontribute to the overall entropy. In this study, we presenta data-driven framework to quantify these contributions.We use gravitational-wave strain data from the GW150914event recorded by the Laser Interferometer GravitationalWave Observatory (LIGO) as the observational basis.Monte Carlo simulations of particle collisions near theevent horizon are combined with synthetically generatedGaussian-distributed fluctuations to model intrinsicrandomness in the system. Shannon’s information entropyis applied to particle energy histograms to quantifyincreases in disorder, while Power Spectral Density (PSD)analysis captures frequency-domain variability induced bythese fluctuations. A Pearson correlation heatmap isgenerated to explore the interdependencies among keyvariables, revealing a strong positive correlation (r ≈ 0.82)between noise amplitude and resulting entropy. Theresults indicate that microscopic interactions significantlyenhance black hole entropy, largely independent ofmacroscopic properties such as mass. This supports ahybrid view of black hole thermodynamics, where bothgeometric and statistical factors govern total entropy. Ourframework provides a reproducible methodology linkingobservational data with statistical modeling, offering apathway to probe the microphysical structure of blackholes and deepen our understanding of theirthermodynamic behavior.