Traits, habitat, and cultivation of Aswagandha [Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal]: a medicinal plant of Solanaceae

Ashwagandha [Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal] is a highly valued medicinal plant, recognized for its adaptogenic properties and diverse therapeutic applications. The present study provides a comprehensive overview of Ashwagandha's key botanical traits, natural habitat, and cultivation practices, with a focus on its ecological requirements, propagation methods, and challenges associated with cultivation. The review aims to support sustainable cultivation, conservation, and effective research of Ashwagandha by investigating its growth habits, environmental needs, and agricultural requirements, thereby supporting its long-term sustainability as a medicinal resource.