Thermal Gravity and the Expansion of the Universe

This research presents the Hossain Hypothesis of Thermal Gravity, proposing that thermal energy directly contributes to gravitational force. Thermal energy continuously drives the expansion of the universe, which is specifically identified as dark energy in this framework. According to this hypothesis, mass-associated thermal energy is responsible for the observed dark energy effect. Effective mass now includes thermal energy according to Einstein’s mass-energy equivalence principle E=mc2 . Proposed Formula: F = G(m1+Q1/c2)(m2+Q2/c2)/r2 Where: F → Gravitational force G → Gravitational constant m1,m2 → Mass of the objects Q1,Q2 → Thermal energy of the objects c → Speed of light r → Distance between objects This theory provides new ways to analyze star formation, black hole characteristics, planetary internal energy, and the origin of dark energy, as well as potential thermal-gravitational interactions at laboratory scale.