Admission Pattern and Determinants of Clinical Outcomes among Patients Admitted to three Hospitals Intensive Care Units in Southern Ethiopia, 2020: A Multicenter Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

<strong>Abstract</strong> Background: The outcome of patients in the intensive care unit relies on the human and material resources available at a time. The pattern of admission, determinant factors and intensive care unit outcome were too variable widely from country to country or even with region to region. Therefore, this study aimed to assess disease patterns, clinical outcomes and determinants among patients admitted to three hospitals intensive care units in southern Ethiopia. Methods: This study was a retrospective cross sectional study design conducted among 517 patients that admitted to intensive care units and selected by using systematic random sampling technique. Data were entered, coded, checked, and analyzed using SPSS version 26 software packaging. The data was checked for normal distribution using the normality graph curve test. Bivariate (p-value &lt; 0.2, 95% CI) and multivariate analysis (p- value&lt;0.05, 95% CI) logistic regression were used to predict the independent variables of the outcome variable. Result: Among the 517 patients, 284 (54.9%) patients were males. The most common cause of admission was cardiovascular disease (35.4%) followed by respiratory diseases (29.6%). The overall rate of mortality in intensive care unit was 46.8 % with (95% CI: 44.68%, 48.92%). Cardiac arrest, aspiration, infection, antibiotic intervention, mechanical ventilation, and length of intensive care unit stay were the independent predictors of intensive care unit mortality. Conclusion: Almost half of the patients admitted to the intensive care unit were died. This study also identifies different factors such as (cardiac arrest, aspiration, infection, antibiotic intervention, mechanical ventilation, and length of intensive care unit stay) were associated with mortality; therefore working on those identified variables with stakeholders might be important to enhance the quality of care in intensive care unit and decreases the mortality of patients.