Historicismo versus Universalismo: uma análise em termos de epistemologia econômica

This paper aims to: (a) examine the epistemological debate based on the works of Thomas Kuhn and Imre Lakatos; (b) demonstrate the opposition between historicism and universalism in Economic Science through the analysis of Neoclassical Theory, neo-Ricardian and Keynesian systems, and the "old" institutionalism. The analysis concludes that universalist and historicist epistemological perspectives are incompatible. In the economic context, neoclassical theory represents universalism, while the neo-Ricardian, Keynesian, and institutionalist schools reflect historicism, highlighting how different paradigms shape economic analysis.