Comprehensive Analysis of Waste Management Practices in India

Economic growth in countries like India has led to a sharp rise in waste generation. An effective solid waste management (SWM) system requires collection, segregation, transport, and scientific disposal of waste. Among these, safe transportation and environmentally sound disposal are especially important, as they directly affect public health, environmental protection, and opportunities for green jobs and industrial growth. However, current SWM practices in India remain largely inefficient due to gaps in infrastructure, lack of public awareness, and weak implementation of policies. This paper reviews key waste management methods, incineration, pyrolysis, gasification, composting, and landfilling, assessing their feasibility, challenges, and environmental impact. Waste-to-Energy (WtE) technologies are discussed as a potential dual solution to the problems of waste disposal and energy shortage. The study aims to guide planners and policymakers by providing a clear overview of technological options, their challenges, and their role in sustainable development. It emphasizes decentralized approaches, energy recovery, and practical pathways for creating waste management systems that are both environmentally sustainable and economically viable.