Judicial Mechanisms in Public Law to Confront Cyber Threats to Information

ABSTRACT Amidst the rapid technological momentum and the expansive proliferation of digital information, information security has risen to become one of the most complex and vital legal and social challenges in the digital age. This study addresses the conceptual and general legal framework of information security, highlighting the cyber threats that endanger critical public utilities. It examines the effectiveness of public law tools in confronting these risks through modern legislation, specialized regulatory bodies, and effective oversight mechanisms. The research also emphasizes the role of remote litigation as an innovative mechanism that enhances the speed and efficiency of legal responses, reflecting the pivotal position of public law tools in organizing the relationship between the state and individuals within a complex digital space. Here, precise rules are formulated to balance cyber security protection with the preservation of digital freedoms, while ensuring principles of transparency and accountability. The study underscores the urgent need to update these legal tools, especially in countries like Iraq, aiming to build an integrated system combining advanced legislation, independent authorities, and coherent national strategies. The research confirms that cyber security cannot be reduced to a purely technical dimension but requires a comprehensive legal and social vision, positioning public law as the fundamental framework that guarantees the public interest and protects essential digital rights. The study concludes with strategic recommendations to enhance the efficiency of legal and regulatory tools, enabling them to address the complex challenges of the digital era while maintaining a delicate balance between security and freedom, thereby consolidating the concept of digital sovereignty and safeguarding individual rights simultaneously.