Perception of Yoga Among Ulema: Belief, Practice, and Interpretation

Abstract This study examines the perceptions and interpretations of yoga among ulema (Islamic scholars), with a particular focus on the proportions of faith, religious practice, and ideological stance. Although yoga has achieved global prominence for its physical and spiritual benefits, its reception within Islamic communities remains contested due to its historical roots in Hindu philosophy. Employing qualitative and thematic analysis of scholarly texts, interviews, and public discourse, the study explores how ulema differentiate between yoga as a physical wellness discipline and its perceived theological implications. The research investigates whether yoga is viewed as compatible with Islamic teachings or seen as conflicting with the doctrine of tawhid (Islamic monotheism). Moreover, it considers how core Islamic concepts such as Niyyah (intention) and Taqwa (God-consciousness) may align with yoga’s emphasis on mindfulness and self-regulation when practiced mindfully. Regional and cultural contexts, notably the contrast between Southeast Asian and Indian Islamic perspectives, significantly influence these attitudes. The paper concludes by advocating for interdenominational dialogue to promote mutual understanding and veneration.