Застосування профілактичної роботи та медико- соціальної реабілітації в психіатричній практиці

Given that previous preventive measures aimed at overcoming individual links of behavioral disorders were doomed to failure, successful overcoming of social causes of alcoholism, drug addiction, crime and deviant behavior among adolescents is possible only through the harmonious application of a comprehensive range of measures: state-social, socio-economic, medical, sanitary, psycho-hygienic, psychological, pedagogical, moral-ethical, taking into account individual needs. Purpose. The purpose of the work is to restore the social status of adolescents with mental disorders through preventive work and medical-social rehabilitation. Novelty. The novelty of the study lies in the comprehensive analysis and justification of the need for systemic, socially coordinated efforts in the prevention and rehabilitation of adolescents with mental and behavioral disorders, with a detailed consideration of the biological, psychological and social directions of correction and rehabilitation in a large sample (420 adolescents), which allows developing a holistic approach to restoring their social status. Methods. The study of 420 adolescents was analyzed. The clinical interview method (CIM) was used for early diagnosis. Medical correction of behavioral disorders was used in almost 100% of the examined, including rational psychotherapy, drug and psychotherapeutic treatment (for non-psychotic disorders), as well as tertiary prevention using psychotropic drugs (for psychotic disorders). Rehabilitation work included biological (psychopharmacotherapy), psychological (elimination of formalism, establishment of social contacts) and social (overcoming readaptation, resocialization through education, work and leisure) directions. Results. It was found that the formation of "difficult" adolescents is particularly influenced by a disharmonious family (alcoholism or mental illness of parents, lack of emotional closeness, despotism, family breakdown, emotional neglect, cruel treatment), which leads to social maladaptation and joining asocial groups. Extrapersonal risk factors (forced emotional loneliness due to labor migration of parents, orphanhood, psychological isolation) and interpersonal factors (character traits, hereditary burden, emotionality, borderline mental disorders) were identified. The need for broad primary prevention (moral, legal and sanitary and hygienic education, combating bad habits, sex education), secondary prevention (identification of trigger factors and risk groups) and comprehensive rehabilitation has been proven. The applied correction and rehabilitation methods have demonstrated their effectiveness in removing patients from a state of mental pathology and their adaptation to social life, in particular, the restoration of positive family relationships, interpersonal connections and a return to the educational process. Conclusions The analysis of studies of 420 adolescents has proven the need for preventive and rehabilitation work as an integral part of the mental health care system. This work should be aimed at preventing and solving the problems of removing patients from the depths of mental pathology and returning them to a healthy, socially useful life or adapting to the norms and rules of social life